NOTES

 

NOTES ON CHAPTER I (Pages 6-9)

1.         A clear formulation of this policy objective was given by Secretary Henry Kissinger in an address entitled "The Nature of the National Dialogue," to the Pacem in Terris III Conference in Washington, D.C., on October 8, 1973. Dr. Kissinger declared: "We will oppose the attempt by any country to achieve a position of predominance either glob-ally or regionally." Washington Post (October 9, 1973) Section A, p. 4.

 

NOTES ON CHAPTER II (Pages 10-15)

1.         John M. Collins and Clyde R. Mark, "Petroleum Imports from the Persian Gulf: Use of Armed Forces to Ensure Supplies" (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Library of Congress Congressional Research Service, April 1979; updated July 1979), pp. 1-2.

2.         Mohammed Abu al-Khail, Minister of Finance and National Economy of Saudi Arabia, "The Oil Price in Perspective," International Affairs (October 1979), pp. 517-530.

3.         See the prophetic article on the impending oil crisis written before the October 1973 war by James E. Akins, "The Oil Crisis: This Time the Wolf is Here," Foreign Affairs (April 1973), pp. 462-490.

4.         Frederick H. Hartmann, "The Relations of Nations,"New York: Macmillan, 1978), p. 7.

5.         Defense Secretary Harold Brown interviewed on CBS and NBC-TV on February 25, 1979. Speaking for an earlier administration, Dr. Kissinger had also declared that the use of force against oil producers could not be excluded in the event of actual "strangulation" of the Western economies, Business Week (January 13, 1975), p. 66.

6.         Jimmy Carter, "State of the Union Address." 96th Congress, January 23, 1980. The Montgomery Advertiser (January 24, 1980), pp. 1-2.

7.         Collins and Mark, op. cit., p. 16.

8.         A discussion of the circumstances in which the U.S. might use force is to be found in Robert Tucker, "Oil: The Issue of American Interven-tion," Commentary, Vol. 59, No. 1 January 1975), pp. 21-31; and Miles Ignotus, "Seizing Arab Oil," Harper's (March 1975), pp. 45-62.

9.         Collins and Mark, op. cit., pp. 4-5.

10.     Collins and Mark, op. cit., p. 12.

11.     Collins and Mark, op. cit., p. 18.

12.     George C. Wilson, "Carter to Ask More Funds to Rush Troops Overseas," Washington Post (November 27, 1979), p. A8.

13.     William Safire, New York Times (October 8, 1979), p. 19.

 

NOTES ON CHAPTER III (Pages16-19 )

1.         Curt Gasteyger, "Soviet Global Strategy" The NATO Review, No. 5 (October 1977), pp. 14-17.

2.         Shahram Chubin, "The Northern Tier in Disarray", The World Today  [monthly journal of the Royal Institute of International Affair], (London: December, 1979), p. 478.

3.         William B. Quandt, Decade of Decisions, "American Toward the Arab-Israeli Conflict," 1967-1976 (University of California Press, 1977), pp. 78, 122-123.

 

NOTES ON CHAPTER IV (Pages 20-32)

1.         Alvin Z. Rubinstein, "The Soviet Union and the Arabian Peninsula," The World Today,(November 1979), p. 450.

2.         Harold Brown, "Annual Posture Statement," by the U.S. Secretary of Defense, on January 25, 1979, cited in Survival (May/June 1979), p. 130.

3.         Hartmann, op. cit., p. 411.

4.         David B. Ottaway, "Ethiopia aims for 'Cuban' role," Washington Post (March 20, 1979), p. A12.

5.         Richard S. Newell, "Revolution and Revolt in Afghanistan,"           The World Today (November 1979), p. 432.

6.         David Chaffetz, "Afghanistan in Turmoil," International Affairs, (January 1980), p. 16.

7.         Chaffetz, op. cit., pp. 15-18.

8.         Gerard Viratelle, ' Le Monde (13 May 1978; 20-21 October 1978; and 20 March 1979), p. 38.

9.         New York Times, (December 6, 1978), pp. Al, A8.

10.     Time (March 17, 1980), p. 14.

 

NOTES ON CHAPTER V (Pages 33-40)

1.         A detailed study of Soviet-American competition in Egypt, is to be found in Lawrence L. Whetten, "The Canal War: Four-Power Conflict in the Middle East" (MIT Press, 1974 ).

2.         A recent analysis of President Nasser's regime and legacy is to be found in P. J. Vatikiotis, "Nasser and his Generation" (London: Croom Helm, 1978).

3.         Christopher S. Wren, New York Times (October 8, 1979) p. 8.

 

NOTES ON CHAPTER VI (Pages 41-45 )

1.         Quandt, op. cit., Chapter 7, pp. 207-252.

2.         See text of White House transcript of speech delivered by President Carter before the People's Assembly in Cairo, (March 10, 1979). Text distributed by the U.S. Embassy, London, 1979.

3.         For an account of Shi'a Islam see R. Strothman, "Shi'a Shorter Encyclopedia of Islam," (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1953), pp. 534-541.

4.         Michael C. Hudson, Arab Politics, The Search f or Legitimacy, (Yale University Press, 1977), p. 51.

5.         Manfred Halpern, "The Politics of Social Change in the Middle East, and North Africa," (Princeton University Press, 1963), chapter 2, passim.

 

NOTES ON CHAPTER VII (Pages 46-53)

1.         Speeches by U. S. Secretary of State Cyrus Vance and National Security Adviser Zbigniew Brzezinski on May 1, 1979, cited in Survival, the Journal of the International Institute for Strategic Studies, (July/August 1979), pp. 178-181; and, Annual Posture Statement by U.S. Secretary of Defense Harold Brown on January 25, 1979, cited in Survival, (May/June 1979),  pp. 125-131.

2.         New York Times, (August 3, 1979), p. A5.

3.         Hedrick Smith, New York Times (August 3, 1979), p. A5.

4.         James Digby, "New Technology and Superpower actions in Remote Contingencies," New Weapons and the Dispersal of Military Power (The California Seminar on Arms Control and Foreign Policy, Santa Monica, 1978) Survival (March/April 1979), p. 66.

5.         Time (March 17, 1980), pp. 37-38.