and Herzegovina to facilitate implementation of the arms embargo on all the republics of former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the sanctions on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and the call for non-interference by outside forces in the conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina In my report of 1 July 1993 (S/26018), I recommended that, if UNPROFOR was to carry out this task in a credible manner, some 10,000 additional troops would be required.The report was not approved by the Council pending Confirmation of the availability of troops and observers.Of the 10 Member States that were asked whether they could make these resources available, only 2 were willing to provide a limited number of observers. Resolution 838 (1993) has therefore not been implemented. However elements of border monitoring have been included in the mandate of the United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia, known as UNCRO; these would include the monitoring of certain positions on Croatia's international border with Bosnia and Herzegovina.

G. Safe areas

33.The Security Council established a "safe area" for Srebrenica in its resolution 819 (1993). In resolution 824 (1993) it decided that Sarajevo, Tuzla, Zepa, Gorazde, Bihac and their surroundings should also be treated as safe areas. Although the Council acted under Chapter VII in both resolutions, that Chapter was cited in the context of resolution 815 (1993), which had referred to it in relation only to the security of UNPROFOR personnel. As a result, there was no enforcement component to the safe area concept at its inception Resolution 836 (1993) referred to Chapter VII, but paragraph 9 defined the parameters for the use of force as being "in self-defence" and the mandate given to UNPROFOR did not include any provision for enforcement. It was as follows:

(a) To deter attacks against the safe areas;

(b) To monitor the cease-fire in the safe areas;

(c) To promote the withdrawal of military or paramilitary units other than those of the Bosnian Government from the safe areas;

(d) To occupy key points on the ground;

(e) To participate in the delivery of humanitarian relief to the population in the safe areas.

In my report of 14 June 1993 (S/2S939) I informed the Council that approximately 34,000 additional troops would be required if deterrence through strength was to be obtained, but said that it would be possible to start implementing resolution 836 (1993) with a "light option" of about 7,600 troops, as an initial approach with limited objectives that assumed the consent and cooperation of the parties. In its resolution 844 (1993), the Council opted for the light option.

34. UNPROFOR has had mixed results in carrying out its responsibilities in the safe areas. When the consent and cooperation of the parties has been forthcoming, it has achieved considerable success. The presence of observers and patrols has enabled the Force to monitor cease-fires, stabilize confrontation lines and improve security by resolving localized disputes or outbreaks of fighting. Its military and civilian staff have also assisted in arranging medical evacuations, delivering and reporting on humanitarian aid, and brokering local agreements to improve the population's living conditions. Finally, the presence of even limited United Nations forces has enhanced security for international

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